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Abstract: Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is a transition metal oxide with a wide band gap. It is an n-type semiconductor material with an oxygen deficiency. MoO3 used as a sensing element for many of the reducing and oxidizing gases and proved to be a promising candidate for the same. Many literatures are available in this context; out of which some are explained in this article. This discussion covers the gas sensing response of different type of nanostructures of molybdenum trioxide and selectivity of particular structure toward the gas being sensed. It also includes the graphical representation of the variation of sensitivity/sensor response with the concentration of test gas. Lastly conclusions have been made on the basis of the discussion given in the following sections.
Keywords: Sensing mechanism, Gas sensing response of Molybdenum trioxide, MoO3 Nanostructures
References:
1. R. John Bosco Balaguru, Mimic of a Gas sensor, Metal Oxide Gas Sensing Mechanism, Factors Influencing the Sensor Performance and Role of nanomaterials based gas sensors, NPTEL – Electrical & Electronics Engineering – Semiconductor Nanodevices.
2. Yu-Feng Sun 2012, Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Their Gas Sensing Properties: A Review, Sensors 2012.
3. S. Barazzouk 2006, MoO3-based sensor for NO, NO2 and CH4 detection., Sensors and Actuators B 119 (2006) 691–694
4. M.B. Rahmani, November 2009, Gas sensing properties of thermally evaporated lamellar MoO3, Sensors and Actuators B 145 (2010)
5. Shouli Bai, 2012 , Ultrasonic synthesis of MoO3 nanorods and their gas sensing properties., Sensors and Actuators B 174 (2012) 51– 58
6. Rao M.C.2013, Review Paper - Structural Stoichiometry and Phase Transitions of MoO3 Thin Films for Solid State Microbatteries, Research Journal of Recent Sciences , Vol. 2(4), 67-73, April (2013)
7. H. Bhavani Naga Prasanna 2014, Structural, Morphological, Optical & Infrared properties of nanocrystalline MoO3 thin films, International Journal of ChemTech Research Vol.6, No.3, pp 1988-1990, May-June 2014
8. Manal M.Y.A. Alsaif , November 2013, Two dimensional α-MoO3 nanoflakes obtained using solvent-assisted grinding and sonication method: Application for H2 gas sensing., Sensors and Actuators B 192 (2014) 196– 204
9. S.S. Sunu, Electrical conductivity and gas sensing properties of MoO3, Sensors and Actuators B 101 (2004) 161–174
10. Shouli Bai, 2014, Intrinsic characteristic and mechanism in enhancing H2S sensing of Cd-doped -MoO3 nanobelts. Sensors and Actuators B 204 (2014) 754–762
11. E. Comini 2000, Carbon monoxide response of molybdenum oxide thin films deposited by different techniques, Sensors and Actuators B 68 2000. 168–174
12. Arnab Ganguly, March 2007, Synthesis, characterization and gas sensitivity of MoO3 nanoparticles., Bulletin of Material Science, Vol. 30, No. 2, April 2007, pp. 183–185
13. K. Galatsis , 2002, Comparison of single and binary oxide MoO3,TiO2 and WO3 Sol- gel gas sensors , Sensors and Actuators B 83, 2001
14. Elisabeth Comini , December 2005 ,Metal oxide nano-crystals for gas sensing, Review, Analytica Chimica Acta 568 (2006) 28–40
15. S. YANG, September 2014, Controlled Synthesis of Micro/Nano MoO3 by Physical Vapor Deposition and Its Gas Sensing Properties to NH3 Gas at Room Temperature. Ferroelectrics, 477: 112–120, 2015
16. Antonella M. Taurino, ,2006 , Synthesis, electrical characterization, and gas sensing properties of molybdenum oxide nanorods ., Applied Physics Letter 88, 152111 (2006)
17. G.E. Buono-Core, Synthesis and characterization of thin molybdenum oxide films prepared from molybdenum dioxo tropolonate precursors by photochemical metal-organic deposition (PMOD) and its evaluation as ammonia gas sensors., Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 387 (2014) 21–27
18. A.K. Prasad 2003, Comparison of sol–gel and ion beam deposited MoO3 thin film gas sensors for selective ammonia detection, Sensors and Actuators B 93 (2003) 25–30
19. D. V. Ahire , Sep. 2012, Preparation of MoO3 Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Its Gas Sensing Performance ., International Journal On Smart Sensing And Intelligent Systems, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 2012
20. Won-Sik Kim , Gas sensing properties of MoO3 nanoparticles synthesized by solvo-thermal method., Journal of Nanoparticles Research (2010) 12:1889–189
21. Longqiang Wang,, December 2013, Synthesis of Crystalline/Amorphous Core/Shell MoO3 Composites through a Controlled Dehydration Route and Their Enhanced Ethanol Sensing Properties., Crystal Growth & Design
22. E. Comini 2003, Response to ethanol of thin films based on Mo and Ti oxides deposited by sputtering, Sensors and Actuators B 93 (2003) 409–415
23. Li-li Sui, November 2014, Construction of three-dimensional flower-like -MoO3 with hierarchical structure for highly selective triethylamine sensor., Sensors and Actuators B 208 (2015) 406–414
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Abstract: In the context of the wide demand of high quality of bitumen, this research was initiated with the objective of enhancing the asphalt mix properties. Variable additives percentages of nanomaterial and polymer material were investigated, experimentally, in order to determine their effect on asphalt properties. Three nano materials (i.e. nano-silica, nano0kaolinite and nano-montmorlinit) and three polymer materials were considered (i.e. SBS, polypropylene, and polyethylene). Modified specimens (with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% of nano and polymer material) were prepared. Rheological properties tests were conducted (i.e. penetration, softening, flash point and viscosity). In addition, mechanical properties tests were carried out (i.e. Marshall, compression, and indirect tensile tests). Results were obtained and analyzed. They indicted that additives enhanced rheological and mechanical properties of asphalt mix.
Keywords: Hot Asphalt Mix; Polymerized-Materials
References:
1. Mostafa, A.E., (2016). “Examining the Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Nano- Materials” International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSRJEN) ISSN(e): 2250-3021, Volume-06, Issue-02, pp 25-34. L.H. Lewandowski,. Polymer Modification of Paving Asphalt Binders. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 67(3): 447, July-August, 1994.
2. Asphalt Institute; Eurobitume., (2011) “The bitumen industry - A global perspective” (2nd Edition). Lexington, Kentucky: Asphalt Institute; Brussels, Belgium: Eurobitume.
3. Becker, Y., Méndez, M.P., Rodríguez, Y., (2001). “Polymer modified asphalt”. Vision Technological; 9(1):39-50.
4. Shen, J.A., (2011). “Pavement Performance of Asphalt and Asphalt Concrete”. China Communication Press, Beijing.
5. Abdel-Lateef, T.H., El-Hamrawy, S.A., Mahmoud, A.A.H., and Naglaa, M.K., (2009). “"The Use of Additives in Improved Pavement Mix Dedign". PHD. Thesis in Civil Engineering.
6. Qing, X.Z., hui, C.L. and Mei, L. (2009). “Rheological Property of Bitumen Modified by the Mixture of the Mechanochemically Devulcanized Tire Rubber Powder and SBS”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engg., ASCE, 21(11), 699705.
7. Romeo, E., Birgisson, B. and Montepara, A. (2010). “The effect of polymer modification on hot mix asphalt fracture at tensile loading conditions”, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Taylor & Francis, 11(5), 403-413.
8. Ghasemia, M., Marandia, S.M.B., Tahmooresib, M., Kamalia, R.J., and Taherzadec, R., (2012). “Modification of Stone Matrix Asphalt with Nano-Sio2” Acivil Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran Binternational Center For Science, ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic And Applied Scientific Research, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(2)1338-1344.
9. Yazdani, A., Pourjafar, S,. (2012). “Optimization of Asphalt Binder Modified with PP/SBS/Nanoclay Nanocomposite Using Taguchi Method”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol:6 -07-27
10. Walters R.C., Fini, E.H., and Abu-Lebdeh, T., (2014). “Enhancing Asphalt Rheological Behavior and Aging Susceptibility Using Bio-Char and Nano-Clay”, Department of Civil, Architectural And Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, Nc 27411, Usa. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 7 (1): 66-76, 2014 ISSN: 1941-7020 ©2014 Science Publication Doi:10.3844/Ajeassp.2014.66.76 Published Online 7 (1).
11. BS, 598-110, (1998). “Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas”. Methods of test for the determination of wheel-tracking rate and depth.
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Abstract: The inhibition effect of synthesized schiff base on the corrosion of carbon steel in (0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4) was studied at different temperatures (25–55 ºC) by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The carbon steel surface morphology was investigated by SEM. The obtained results showed that the prepared schiff base is excellent inhibitor in (0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4) and the inhibition efficiency (η) increases with the inhibitor concentration, but it decreases with increasing temperature. The adsorption of inhibitor on the surface of carbon steel is mixed chemical and physical adsorption and found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Thermodynamic parameters have been obtained by adsorption theory. Polarization curves showed that the synthesized inhibitor is mixed-type inhibitor in both hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were analyzed to model-inhibition process through appropriate equivalent circuit model. Potentiodynamic polarization studies have been shown that the inhibitor acts as a mixed type of inhibitor. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the protection of the carbon steel surface by the inhibitor.
Keywords: (0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4), (EIS), SEM., (25–55 ºC), (η), (EIS), Potentiodynamic, hydrochloric
References:
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2. H. Derya Lece, Kaan C. Emregul, Orhan Atakol, Inhibitive Effect of N, N-bis (2-chloroethylaminobenzaldehyde) Ethylthiosemicarbazone on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1N H2SO4, 2008Corr. Sci. , 50 1460–1468.
3. H. Shokry, M. Yuasa, I. Sekine, R.M. Issa, H.Y. El-Baradie, G.K. Gomma, Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Schiff base compounds in various aqueous solutions Corros.Sci, 1998, 40, 2173–2186.
4. M. Lashgari, M.-R. Arshadi, S. Miandari, The enhancing power of iodide on corrosion prevention of mild steel in the presence of a synthetic-soluble Schiff-base: Electrochemical and surface analyses, Electrochimica , 2010 , Acta 55 6058–6063.
5. S. Bilgic, N. Caliskan, J. Appl, Corrosion Inhibition Properties of orepinephrine Molecules on Mild Steel in Acidic Media Electrochemica, 2001, 31, 79–83.
6. Labena A, Hegazy MA, Horn H, Müller E, The biocidal effect of a novel synthesized gemini surfactant on environmental sulfidogenic bacteria: planktonic cells and biofilms. Mater Sci Eng, 2015, 47,367–375.
7. M.A. Hegazy, A.S. El-Tabei, A.H. Bedair, M.A. Sadeq, An investigation of three novel nonionic surfactants as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.5 MH2SO4, Corros. Sci, 2012 54, 219–230.
8. M.A. Hegazy, M.F. Zaky, Inhibition effect of novel nonionic surfactants on the corrosion of carbon steel in acidic medium, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, 1333–1341.
9. M.A. Migahed, A.M. Abdul-Raheim, A.M. Atta, W. Brostow, Synthesis and evaluation of a new water soluble corrosion inhibitor from recycled poly(ethylene terphethalate),Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010,121, 208–214.
10. E.E. Oguzie, Y. Li, F.H. Wang, Effect of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (cysteine) on the corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in sulphuric acid Electrochim.,2007, Acta 53 ,909–914.
11. M.A. Hegazy, M. Abdallah, H. Ahmed, Novel cationic gemini surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel pipelines Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, 2897–2904.
12. S. Ghareba, S. Omanovic, and Interaction of 12-aminododecanoic acid with a carbon steel surface: Towards the development of ‘green’ corrosion inhibitors Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, 2104–2113.
13. A.Y. El-Etre, J. Inhibition of acid corrosion of carbon steel using aqueous extract of olive leaves, Colloid Interface Sci., 2007, 314, 578–583.
14. G.Quartarone,M. Battilana, L. Bonaldo, T. Tortato, Investigation of the inhibition effect of indole-3-carboxylic acid on the copper corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 , 2008,Corros. Sci. 50, 3467–3474.
15. Eugenio A,Flores, Octavio Olivares, Natalya V. Likhanova, Marco .Dominguez-Aguilar, Noel Nava, Diego Guzman-Lucero, Monica Corrales, Sodiumphalamates as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, 3899–3913.
16. S.K. Shukla, M.A. Quraishi, 4-Substituted anilinomethylpropionate: New and efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution Corros. Sci. 51 (2009) 1990–1997.
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18. M. A. Hegazy Eid M. S. Azzam Nadia G. Kandil A. M. Badawi R. M. Sami Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel Pipelines by Some New Amphoteric and Di-cationic Surfactants in Acidic solution by Chemical and Electrochemical Methods , Journal of Surfactants and Detergents,2016,19,864-866.
19. H.H. Hassan, E. Abdelghani, M.A. M.A. Amin,Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by triazole derivatives: Part I. Polarization and EIS studies , Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52, 6359–6366.
20. A.M. Abdel-Gabar, B.A. Abd-El-Nabey, I.M. Sidahmed, A.M. El-Zayady, M.Saadawy, Inhibitive action of some plant extracts on the corrosion of steel in acidic media Corros. Sci., 2006, 48, 2765–2779.
21. K.F. Khaled, Molecular simulation, quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical studies for inhibition of mild steel by triazoles, Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 53, 3484–3492.
22. S.V. Lamaka, M.L. Zheludkevich, K.A. Yasakau, R. Serra, S.K. Poznyak, M.G.S.Ferreira, Nanoporous titania interlayer as reservoir of corrosion inhibitors for coatings with self-healing ability Prog. Org. Coat., 2007, 58, 127–135.
23. H. Duan, K. Du, C. Yan, F. Wang, Electrochemical corrosion behavior of composite coatings of sealed MAO film on magnesium alloy AZ91D,Electrochim. Acta, 2006, 51, 2898–2908.
24. M. Mahdavian, S. Ashhari, Corrosion inhibition performance of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole compounds for protection of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution, Electrochim. Acta, 2010, 55, 1720–1724.
25. N.A. Negm, M.F. Zaki, Corrosion inhibition efficiency of nonionic Schiff base amphiphiles of p-aminobenzoic acid for aluminum in 4N HCl , J. Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspec. , 2008, 322, 97–102.
26. F. Bentiss, M. Lebrini, M. Lagrenee, Thermodynamic characterization of metal dissolution and inhibitor adsorption processes in mild steel/2,5-bis(n-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles/hydrochloric acid system, Corros. Sci., 2005, 47, 2915–2931
27. E.A. Noor, A.H. Al-Moubaraki, Mater., Thermodynamic study of metal corrosion and inhibitor adsorption processes in mild steel/1-methyl-4[4 (-X)-styryl pyridinium iodides/hydrochloric acid systems , Chem. Phys.,2008, 110 , 145–154.
28. A.M. Badawi, M.A. Hegazy, A.A. El-Sawy, H.M. Ahmed, W.M. Kamel, Mater., Novel quaternary ammonium hydroxide cationic surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel and as biocides for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) ,Chem. Phys.,2010,124 , 458–465.
29. M.S. Morad, A.M. Kamal El-Dean, 2, 2’-Dithiobis (3-cyano-4, 6-dimethylpyridine): A new class of acid corrosion inhibitors for mild steel ,Corros. Sci., 2006, 48, 3398–3412.
30. K.P.V. Kumar, M. Sankara Narayana Pillai, G. Rexin Thusnavis, J. Mater., Seed Extract of Psidium guajava as Ecofriendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium, Sci.Technol.,2011, 27, 12,2011, 1143–1149.
31. M. Behpour, S.M. Ghoreishi, M. Salavati-Niasari, B. Ebrahimi, Mater., Evaluating two new synthesized S–N Schiff bases on the corrosion of copper in 15% hydrochloric acid, Chem.Phys. , 2008,107, 153–157.
32. Lj. Vracar, D.M. Drazic, Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of some organic molecules on iron electrode in sulfuric acid, Corros. Sci., 2002, 44, 1669–1680.
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